The Lightning Component Framework

The Lightning Component Framework is a UI framework that allows building single-page web apps with dynamic and responsive user interfaces in Salesforce.

Benefits of Using Lightning Component Framework

Utilizes event-driven architecture. Therefore, components are capable of listening and response events.
Can build responsive applications.
Uses Javascript on the client side and Apex on the server side.
Utilizes a stateful client and a stateless server. It means, it calls the server only when is necessary incresing the effience of the app.
Can use Aura or Lightning Web Components to build components that coexist and interoperate on a page.
Can use in different context. For example, can be used in Custom Tabs, Lightning Experience and the Salesforce mobile app.
Components are reusable and reduce time development.

Event-Driven in Lightning Component Framework

Utilizes event-driven architecture which consists of event procedures, event consumers, and channels.
To handle information in real time when an event occurs.
Simplifies communication by decoupled event producers from event consumers.
A component can subscribe to an application event or a visible component event.

Built-in Apps

Theres a wide range of built-in components to build apps quickly.
Can be responsive.
Can be use in different devices without problems.
Also, can build reusable components building blocks and accelerate app development.
Can customize applications and components using the Salesforce Design Guidelines call Lightning System Design.

Multiple Uses Cases

Components can be accessed from the navigation menu in the Salesforce Mobile App.
In addition, Lightning components can be added to Visualforce Pages usign the <apex:includeLightning /> component.
We can publish components on the Appexchange and shared with others.
Standard and custom components can be added to Lightning Pages using the Lightning App Builder.
Finally, we can use Experience Builder to add componentes in a community.

Increased Performance

Lightning components runs on stateful and stateless architecture to use resources efficiently.
Increses efficiency by utilizing server, browser, devices and network intelligently.
Use Javascript on the client side to manage UI component metadata and data.
Client calls the server or only sends requests to it only when necessary.
Server only sends the data that is needed by the client.
Can use JSON format to exhange data between client and server.